The metaverse represents an expansive network of persistent, real-time rendered 3D worlds and simulations that support continuity of identity, objects, history, and payments. It can be considered a collective virtual shared space, emerging from the convergence of physically persistent virtual space, including the sum of all virtual worlds, augmented reality, and the internet. The concept of the metaverse suggests an immersive digital universe where users, through their avatars, can interact with each other and software applications. This virtual space transcends beyond mere gaming, encompassing various aspects of social, economic, and cultural life, enabled by technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and blockchain.
With the advent of the metaverse, a new domain for criminal activities has emerged, paralleling issues seen in the physical world and the broader internet. Metaverse crimes encompass a range of illegal or unethical activities conducted within these virtual environments. Key examples include:
Cyber Theft: This involves the theft of virtual assets or currency, which can have real-world financial impacts.
Harassment and Bullying: Similar to cyberbullying, this refers to actions within the metaverse that cause distress or harm to other users.
Identity Theft and Fraud: This includes impersonating other users or creating false identities to deceive, exploit, or gain unauthorized access.
Scams and Financial Fraud: Various scams, like phishing or fraudulent investment schemes, can be executed within the metaverse.
Inappropriate Content and Behavior: Sharing illegal or explicit material, or engaging in hate speech and other forms of prohibited behavior.
Property Rights Violations: This involves infringing on intellectual property rights, like unauthorised copying and distribution of copyrighted material.
Hacking and Unauthorised Access: Gaining unauthorised entry into parts of the metaverse or compromising its security systems.
Crimes in the metaverse bring forth unique challenges in terms of legal jurisdiction and the applicability of existing laws, requiring an evolving approach to law enforcement and regulatory oversight.
